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Skip main navigation Press Enter. Toggle navigation. Search Options. Communities Library View Entry. Downloads - Public Files. Back to Library. ACCA Membership. Search Options. Manual J Residential Load Calculation. Technical Manuals Manual J. This includes: Single family detached structures, duplex structures, and triplex structures; Single family attached structures row house or town house ; Dwelling units in multi-family attached structures condo and apartment units ; and Energy efficient homes.
It is intended to help with code enforcement. A new requirement in the documentation output is to indicate whether or not AED exists. Adjustable Defaults : Figure Adjustable Defaults for Local Conditions and Practices has been expanded to include more information on rules for default use or default values.
Duct loads are caused by conduction through the duct wall and by leakage. Duct leakage also causes negative or positive pressure in the conditioned space.
The space pressure condition depends on the difference between the return side leakage rate and the supply side leakage rate. If the return side leakage rate is greater than the supply side leakage rate, there is a net flow of air from outside the conditioned space to the conditioned space.
This causes a positive pressure in the conditioned space, exfiltration from the conditioned space and a direct load on the central equipment the air that leaks into the return duct passes through the central equipment before it enters the conditioned space.
If the supply side leakage rate is greater than the return side leakage rate, the flow rate through the return grilles is greater than the flow rate through the supply outlets. This causes a negative pressure in the conditioned space, the infiltration to the conditioned space is increased and the load on the central equipment is larger. The heating and sensible cooling loads generated by duct systems are sensitive to a collection of parameters and interactions that include the piping geometry, the location of the duct runs, the temperature and moisture content of the air in the duct runs, the temperature and moisture content of the air in the surrounding environment, the tightness of seams and joints and the amount of duct-wall insulation.
Duct loads also depend on the size of the dwelling and the construction details because equipment size, blower CFM, the size of the duct airways and the total surface area of the duct system depend on the size of the heating and cooling loads. An attic is a hostile environment for duct runs if attic temperature is significantly higher than the outdoor temperature in the summer white shingles, tile roofs, radiant barriers and foam encapsilation moderate this condition ; and almost as cold as the outdoor air in the winter.
In addition, the absolute humidity in a properly vented attic is about the same as the outdoor humidity the absolute humidity in a foam encapsulated attic will be closer to the conditioned space value. Open crawlspace locations are undesirable because there is little difference between the crawlspace condition and the condition of the outdoor air.
Enclosed crawlspaces and unconditioned spaces represent environments that range from benign to hostile, depending on the ambient conditions in the space. Duct heat transfer to an unconditioned space can be significantly reduced if the surface area of the system is. In this regard, research indicates that if the thermal envelope is efficient, an acceptable level of comfort is provided by an attic system that has a central air handler and short supply runs that feed diffusers located near the interior walls of the rooms.
There are no duct loads when a duct system is installed within a conditioned space. The model used to generate the default duct factor tables applies to system designs that are compatible with the procedures documented in Manuals J, S and D. This is important because duct surface area estimates are based on the assumption that the blower CFM is compatible with the calculated loads and that the size of the duct airways are compatible with the blower performance and the total effective length of the duct system.
In other words, the duct factor tables do not apply to heating and cooling systems that have been designed by whimsical guidelines and unreliable rules of thumb.
A Duct Sealing Information pertaining to duct construction and duct sealing is provided by other documents. A partial list of sources is presented below. In some cases a duct sealing effort can create a health hazard that can cause discomfort, sickness or death. The most dangerous condition occurs when the sealing work creates a negative pressure condition that causes a combustion appliance to back draft.
Other undesirable scenarios involve transfer of contaminated air from space to space, reduced ventilation rates and objectionable pressure conditions. Information about this subject is found in documents that pertain to duct testing and duct sealing.
A Blower Heat Most of the electric power delivered to a furnace or air handler blower is used to move a flow of air against the resistance of the duct system.
Some of this resistance is generated as moving air rubs against a duct wall or any other surface the blower vanes, the fins of a coil or the plates of a heat exchanger, for example , the remainder of the resistance is caused by turbulence produced by fittings and air-side devices. All of this resistance is.
A Indoor Design Conditions Heating and cooling load estimates shall be based on the indoor design conditions listed below. Use of this set of conditions is mandatory, unless superceded by a code, regulation or documented health requirement. A Plans, Sketches and Notes When available, up-to-date floor plans, elevations and detail sheets define architectural geometry, establish orientations, provide dimensional information and specify construction detail.
If a set of plans is not available or if the plans no longer represent conditions at the site, sketches of the existing construction are used to record the information required for the load estimate.
These sketches are drawn to scale or accurate dimensions are added to drawings that are not to scale. Sketches also provide an efficient way to record the information that is read from a set of plans. The collection of sketches and notes shall provide the following information. An arrow or directional rosette that points north. A dimensioned outline of the floor plan for each level.
The location of stairwells, partitions, chases and cavities. The length, width and height of every room with the room name. An alphanumeric code WN-1, WN-2, etc. An alphanumeric code S1, S2, etc. An alphanumeric code DR-1, DR-2, etc.
Room assignments for occupants, appliances, lighting, plants and equipment. The type of ceiling, ceiling construction detail preferably with a Manual J construction number and overall R-value , the ceiling height at the wall.
The use of a radiant barrier under an attic roof, or encapsulated foam attic if applicable. Attic vent locations, vent areas and powered attic ventilation equipment. A record of the location, size and type of skylights preferably, with a Manual J construction number.
Wall construction detail preferably with a Manual J construction number and overall R-value , wall heights, the type of space that is on the nonconditioned side of a partition include detail that will help determine the temperature in enclosed, unconditioned spaces ; the type of vapor retarder, the type of infiltration retarder, the potential for leakage around electrical outlets and wall penetrations, and the quality of the sealing and caulking effort at plates, headers, sills, band joists and rough openings.
The location, type and size of the window and glassdoor assemblies and wood and metal door assemblies, with notes pertaining to U-values, SHGCs, construction details, bug screens, sun screens, projections and tightness. Internal and external shading devices and overhangs. The type of floor, floor construction details preferably with a Manual J construction number and overall R-value , the type of space that is under the floor include detail that will help determine the temperature in enclosed, unconditioned spaces ; the type of vapor retarder, the leakage that might occur at floor penetrations, and the quality of the sealing and caulking effort.
Observed pathways that connect the conditioned space with an attic space, stud space, chase, crawl space or basement. The location of the appliances, display lighting, ceiling fans, waterbeds or any equipment that generates internal loads. The location of vents and exhaust equipment, with observations pertaining to the use of back draft dampers.
The location and type of combustion equipment and fireplaces, with notes pertaining to the source of combustion air, type of vent or chimney and the use of vent dampers. The preceding list applies to load estimates, but there are other items that should be noted during the survey. Rated values are preferred because they eliminate uncertainty about window and glass door performance.
When such information is not available, use the Table 2A values. Also record the following information: n n n n n n. The direction the glass faces Type of window see Figure A The number of lites panes in the assembly The type of glass used in the assembly The frame material Frame conduction path thermal break or no thermal break The use of a storm window The type and color of internal shading devices The shading coefficient of external shade screens when applicable and available The X and Y dimensions see Table 3E-1 of external overhangs when applicable.
In regard to opaque doors, record observations pertaining to style see Figure A , construction material wood or metal and insulation. If a door has a rating label, record the tested U-value. Also evaluate the tightness of the window and door assemblies. Collect data pertaining to tested leakage ratings as listed in the manufacturers performance data, documented by the NFRC directory or displayed on a performance label. If quantitative information is not available, make notes that summarize the findings of a site inspection.
Also try to evaluate the seal between the structural framing and the frame of the window or door assembly. Ceilings Ceiling performance depends on the type of construction attic, roof-ceiling sandwich or ceiling on exposed beams and the construction details associated with the ceiling assembly or attic knee wall. Ceiling and attic knee wall performance is also depends on the temperature in the attic, which depends on the roofing material, the roof color, the use of a radiant barrier or encapsulating foam, and the amount of attic ventilation.
Such observations are used to select a construction number see Table 4A , to evaluate structural tightness and to estimate resistance to moisture migration. Record the following information: n n n n n.
Type of construction attic, beamed or roof-ceiling Size and type of framing Primary insulating material type and R-value Secondary insulating material Overall R-value of the attic-ceiling, partition-ceiling or roof-ceiling assembly Type of roofing material shingles or tile with air space Long-term roof color and texture Details pertaining to attic ventilation The use of radiant barrier in attic when applicable Description of an unconditioned space above a ceiling Secondary insulation sheathing material and R-value Type and quality of vapor retarder Sealing effort at seams, light fixtures and penetrations Sealing effort at partitions, wall cavities, chases and stair wells.
Wood or Metal Panel Door. Table 3D -1 through -4 procedures apply to all types of skylights. Also record the following information:.
Lat Load The room infiltration load equals the load on the central equipment multiplied by the gross wall area ratio WAR. Appendix 12 eight-hour period beginning at 11 am and ending at 7 pm, standard time. This aggregate value is used for all roof-ceiling construction, regardless of exposure direction or time of day. The resulting collection of 8-hour averages are summarized by Figure A12 This figure lists base-case CLTD values, which means they are compatible with a 20 oF temperature difference and a medium daily range.
Ceiling Under Attic The cooling load temperature difference for an attic ceiling panel depends on the attic temperature, which depends on the amount of insulation above the ceiling, the amount of attic ventilation, the use of a radiant barrier, encapsulating foam, attic fan, or extra attic vent area, and the type of roofing.
Since the absorptivity and emittance of roofing products may not be known, roofing is classified by material asphalt shingles, wood shakes, tile, slate, concrete, metal, membrane or tar and gravel and color.
The attic temperature also is affected by attic duct runs, but the temperature moderating effect is conditional, so it is conservatively ignored. Figure A next page summarizes the attic temperatures used to generate CLTD values for ceilings under an attic.
These values are for the peak late afternoon load condition. They are used to estimate ceiling loads for all Manual J applications.
These values represent the average ceiling load condition that occurs during the afternoon. A Floor Over Enclosed Crawl Space For sensible cooling load estimates, Table 4A construction 19 provides partition temperature difference PTDC values for floors over a tight, enclosed crawl space and for floors over a loose or vented crawl space.
These temperature differences depend on the outdoor design temperature, the indoor design temperature, the tightness of the crawl space sealed or loose or vented and are estimated by performing an energy balance on the unconditioned crawl space. The following assumptions are used for this work.
The resulting floor temperature difference equations are provided on the next page by Figure A ahead two pages. Ceiling on Exposed Beams The cooling load temperature difference for a ceiling on exposed beams depends on the type of deck material, the thickness of the decking, the amount of insulation in the deck sandwich, the type of roofing and color.
Roof-Joist-Ceiling Sandwich T h e co o l i n g l o a d te m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e f o r roof-joist-ceiling sandwich depends on the type of deck material, the thickness of the decking, amount of insulation on the deck, the amount of insulation in the joist space, the ceiling material, the type of roofing and color.
Figure A ahead two pages summarizes the base. The heat transfer through below grade walls and the crawl space floor is ignored. Crawl space duct runs do not produce a regain effect. The floor area of a tight crawl space is 4 times larger than the crawl space wall area exposed to the outdoor air assume the crawl space floor has a aspect ratio and that it has three feet of exposed wall height.
A loose or vented crawl space has square feet of wall exposed to the outdoor air and 2, square feet of floor area. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel.
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Search inside document. Section 2 n In general, take full credit for the rated or tested performance of construction materials, insulation materials and construction features. Entire House 56 x 32 x 8 East Top of glass door is 0.
H Unshaded glass height U Fenestration Gain vs Hour of Day If the peak-hour gain exceeds the average gain by more than 30 percent, the conditioned space is a candidate for the peak load procedure. The following conditions are possible: n If the flow rate of the outdoor air equals the flow rate of the exhaust air, the ventilation system has no affect on the space pressure or the infiltration rate.
In some cases its possible for the reduction in ceiling load to be smaller than the increase in the sensible and latent infiltration loads. Or use values that are compatible with the track record of the installer. Software implementation of the Manual J duct load model accepts practitioner input for: Manual J duct tables provide performance values for the entire duct system that is described in the table's heading. Manual J provides the following options: n Use the Table 7 default values for sealed 0.
Step 1 Enter base-case load factors and latent heat value from Table 7 eyeball interpolation is acceptable Existing Construction R-Value 1 2 3 Improved Construction Base-case factors from table 4 Leakage 0. For the purpose of this calculation, Rcfm defaults to blower Cfm An indoor humidity ratio grains of moisture per pound of air value is provided by altitude sensitive psychometrics based on the indoor dry-bulb and relative humidity values.
Section 23 Adequate Insulation is Required Comparison of the wall insulation correction factors see Table 7B-R, for example indicates that there is a significant increase in the size of the sensible duct load if the wall insulation is reduced from R-6 to R-4 and that an unacceptably large increase is associated with R-values that are less than R This figure shows that the loads for open crawlspaces and uninsulated crawlspaces can be comparable to or greater than the loads for attic locations.
R R-2 Insulation on Inside Surface This equation provides the temperature at indoor surface of the block under the insulation if the insulation is on the indoor side of the wall. The supply and return leakage values Cfm per SqFt of surface area are those used for the Manual J duct load calculation per Worksheet G or use different values for what-if investigations. Augustine 10 29 35 89 78 59 66 72 St. Panel with Metal Storm Metal Door 0.
None 0. R 0. Ceiling Load Calculation Duct Loads The ceiling below an encapsulated attic is a partition that separates a conditioned space from an unconditioned space. Supply System Geometry 1 Radial with outlets in center of rooms. Rectangular or round airway Encapsulated attic Radial with outlets in center of rooms. On roof Trunk and branch with outlets in center of rooms. Sketches based on plan take-off or field observation n n n An arrow or directional rosette that points north.
Record observations pertaining to: n The type of ceiling, ceiling construction detail preferably with a Manual J construction number and overall R-value , the ceiling height at the wall or at the wall and ridge , the type of space that is above the ceiling include detail that will help determine the temperature in enclosed, unconditioned spaces ; the type of vapor retarder; the air leakage that might occur at hard-wired lighting fixtures and ceiling penetrations, and the quality of the sealing and caulking effort at the top plate.
Also record the following information: n n n n n n n n n The direction the glass faces Type of window see Figure A The number of lites panes in the assembly The type of glass used in the assembly The frame material Frame conduction path thermal break or no thermal break The use of a storm window The type and color of internal shading devices The shading coefficient of external shade screens when applicable and available The X and Y dimensions see Table 3E-1 of external overhangs when applicable In regard to opaque doors, record observations pertaining to style see Figure A , construction material wood or metal and insulation.
Record the following information: n n n n n Sliding Glass Door n n n n n n n n French Door Type of construction attic, beamed or roof-ceiling Size and type of framing Primary insulating material type and R-value Secondary insulating material Overall R-value of the attic-ceiling, partition-ceiling or roof-ceiling assembly Type of roofing material shingles or tile with air space Long-term roof color and texture Details pertaining to attic ventilation The use of radiant barrier in attic when applicable Description of an unconditioned space above a ceiling Secondary insulation sheathing material and R-value Type and quality of vapor retarder Sealing effort at seams, light fixtures and penetrations Sealing effort at partitions, wall cavities, chases and stair wells Skylights For generic skylights, use qualitative observations and Table 2A to determine the U-value, SHGC value.
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This number may be adjusted to meet specific requirements of the home. Heating and Cooling CFM may or may not be the same. List specific equipment to be used. This information is not required on the Load Calculation documents, however it must be provided here to verify equipment sizing against calculated loads. It must also match the equipment actually installed in the home.
Input represents the total amount. The amount a heat available for discharge into the conditioned space. The input less any vent or stack losses, or heat that is carried out with the products of combustion. Some manufacturers may have different requirements- adjustments should be made per their requirements. Calculations should be attached.
Multi-stage and modulating equipment is now available. When comparing to heating load calculated, use the maximum adjusted output to verify the furnace is large enough and the lowest output to insure it is not too large. A furnace with an adjusted output larger than 45, btuh x 1. Provide manufacturers comprehensive data for furnace, furnace blower and condenser, with capacities at design conditions highlighted.
As the Design Conditions. Total capacity is the latent and sensible capacity at design conditions. NOTE: One half of the excess latent capacity may be added to the sensible capacity. List the exact model number for the evaporator coil used this system. If coil is from a different manufacturer than the condenser is used, provide data from both manufacturers verifying actual performance.
Provide the specific metering used- orifice or TXV thermostat expansion valve. If the manufacturer has several options, list the option used. High latent moisture loads can be listed here. Special requirements particular to the customer may also be noted here. Phone Fax. Permit Lot. This friction rate FR calculated in Step 5 is the rate to be used with a duct calculator or a friction chart for the duct design on this project.
Attach at a minimum, a one line diagram showing the duct system with fittings, sizes, equivalent lengths through fitting and duct lengths. Vent height base of duct to roof exit ft. Boiler or furnace 2 input rating btu. De-rated input rating use. Connector rise ft. Connector run ft. Connector size in. Orifice size in. Water heater 2 input rating btu. De-rated input rating. If a manifold is used to connect the appliances on the horizontal, it shall be the same size as the vent.
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